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Cisco IOS OSPF邻居关系不能正常创建的原因与处理办法

发布时间:2021-11-28 来源:win7旗舰版 浏览量:

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接口上没有激活ospf

就是在network语句的时候没有匹配清楚,比如配置了错误的反掩码不对,在show ip ospf interface的时候不会显示你希望激活的接口。使用show ip ospf interface来验证。

这时候的邻居表是空的

>R2#show ip ospf neighbor
R2#

(2)物理层或者是数据链路层协议down.
使用show ip int brief 或者是 show int type nomber会导致ospf packet 封装失败。

(3)建立邻居的接口被passive掉

R2#show ip ospf interface Ethernet 0

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 131.108.1.2/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID 131.108.1.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 131.108.1.2, Interface address 131.108.1.2
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
No Hellos (Passive interface)
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

(4)OSPF的hello组播地址被ACL Block

R1#
interface Ethernet0
ip address 131.108.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip access-group 100 in
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any
access-list 100 permit udp any any
access-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5

R2#
interface Ethernet0
ip address 131.108.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip access-group 100 in
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any
access-list 100 permit udp any any
access-list 101 permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 224.0.0.5

R2#debug ip packet 101 detail
IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101
IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 68, access denied, proto=89

这时候的邻居关系是INIT

R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
131.108.2.1 1 INIT/- 00:00:33 131.108.1.1 Ethernet0

R1#show access-list 101
Extended IP access list 101
permit ip 131.108.1.0 0.0.0.3 host 224.0.0.5 (8 matches)
R1#debug ip packet 101 detail
IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 101
R1#
IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,
proto
=89
IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82, access denied, proto=89
IP: s=131.108.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Ethernet0), len 60, sending broad/multicast,
proto
=89

IP: s=131.108.1.2 (Ethernet0), d=224.0.0.5, len 82,access denied, proto=89

(5)在broadcast链路上的子网掩码不匹配

(6)Hello/dead 间隔不匹配

(7)认证方式或者是认证密码不匹配

使用debug ip ospf adj 来查看,可以自己使用不同的情况来验证

(8)两台路由器处于不同的AREA

R1#debug ip ospf adj
OSPF adjacency events debugging is on
R1#
OSPF: Rcv pkt from 131.108.1.2, Ethernet0, area 0.0.0.0
mismatch area 0.0.0.1 in the header

R2#show log
%OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 131.108.1.1, Ethernet0

(9)Stub/transit/NSSA 区域类型不匹配

这个是常常不小心会被忘记的。

R1#debug ip ospf adj
OSPF adjacency events debugging is on
R1#
OSPF: Rcv hello from 131.108.0.1 area 1 from Ethernet0 131.108.1.2
OSPF: Hello from 131.108.1.2 with mismatched Stub/Transit area option bit

R1#debug ip ospf adj
OSPF adjacency events debugging is on
R1#
OSPF: Rcv hello from 131.108.0.1 area 1 from Ethernet0 131.108.1.2
OSPF: Hello from 131.108.1.2 with mismatched NSSA option bit

网络的神奇作用吸引着越来越多的用户加入其中,正因如此,网络的承受能力也面临着越来越严峻的考验―从硬件上、软件上、所用标准上......,各项技术都需要适时应势,对应发展,这正是网络迅速走向进步的催化剂。

关键词: Cisco 
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