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网络技术是从1990年代中期发展起来的新技术，它把互联网上分散的资源融为有机整体，实现资源的全面共享和有机协作，使人们能够透明地使用资源的整体能力并按需获取信息。资源包括高性能计算机、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源、大型数据库、网络、传感器等。 当前的互联网只限于信息共享，网络则被认为是互联网发展的第三阶段。 问题描述
Cisco热备路由协议(HSRP)或多热备路由器协议(MSHRP)如何使用内部组管理协议(IGMP)与Microsoft NT 5.0和HP AdvanceStack或ProCurve交换机互操作？
解决方法
两个路由器与两个不同的交换机端口连接，HSRP和MSHRP使用IP多点传送数据报来确保在其它路由器故障时，其中的一个路由器可以用作备份。一个或多个NT服务与交换机端口、而不是路由器使用的两个端口连接。
当NT服务器与交换机连接时，它向交换机发送一个IGMP连接消息(指定Cisco的HSRP/MSHRP地址224.0.0.2)，这时，这是加入该多点传送组的唯一的一个交换机端口，因为Cisco路由器从来没有加入这个组(它们只是使用多点传送地址)。随后，交换机停止向其它端口转发，包括路由器。对交换机而言，这是正确的IGMP行为。问题在于Cisco路由器不再互相接收HSRP/MSHRP数据包，因此协议无法正常工作。
对于这种情况，使用下面的步骤作为规避方法：
1. 配置惠普交换机封锁或转发各个端口上的IP多点传送流量，不考虑IGMP。
2. 在直接连接两个(M)HSRP路由器的端口的交换机IGMP配置中指定Forward (与Auto或Blocked)相反。
这个变化使交换机在这些端口之间转发所有的多点传送流量。
注：这是一个交换机IGMP配置项，而不是交换机流量/安全性过滤器。
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[A5551807/TRAK-ACTIVE/English] A5551807
Cisco: interoperability of HSRP and MSHRP w/ NT 5.0 and HP AdvanceStack
Problem Description
How does the Cisco Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP) or Multiple Hot
Standby Router Protocol (MSHRP) interoperate with Microsoft NT 5.0, and
HP AdvanceStack or ProCurve switch, with Interior Group Management
Protocol (IGMP)?
Solution
Two routers are connected to two different switch ports. HSRP and MSHRP
use IP multicast datagrams to ensure that one of the routers is available as a backup in case the other router goes down. One or more NT servers are connected to switch ports other than the two used by the routers.
When the NT server is connected to the switch, it sends an IGMP join
message to the switch (specifying Cisco's HSRP/MSHRP address 224.0.0.2).
At this point, this is the only switch port joined to that multicast group, since Cisco routers never perform a join to this group (they simply use the multicast address). Subsequently, the switch stops forwarding to the other ports, including those to the routers.
This is correct IGMP behavior on the part of the switches.
The problem is that the Cisco routers no longer receive each other's HSRP/MSHRP packets, so the protocol cannot work properly.
Use these steps as a work-around for this behavior:
1. Configure HP switches to block or forward IP multicast traffic on individual ports, regardless of IGMP.
2. Specify Forward (as opposed to Auto or Blocked) in the switch's IGMP configuration on the ports which directly connect the two (M)HSRP routers.
This change causes the switch to forward all multicast traffic between those ports.
Note: This is a switch IGMP configuration item, not a switch Traffic/Security filter.
网络的神奇作用吸引着越来越多的用户加入其中，正因如此，网络的承受能力也面临着越来越严峻的考验―从硬件上、软件上、所用标准上......，各项技术都需要适时应势，对应发展，这正是网络迅速走向进步的催化剂。
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